Are You Doing the Shower Construction Details and Waterproofing Correctly?

A bathroom typically includes several independent areas such as the shower area, toilet area, bathtub area, and vanity area. However, certain aspects are often overlooked during construction and design, especially the details of the shower area. 

This article provides a detailed analysis of shower area design and construction, primarily addressing issues related to construction details. 

1. Reserved Dimensions and Considerations for the Bathroom 

Shower Area 

Generally, the water outlet faucet is installed at a height of approximately 900–1100 mm from the floor (waist level). Meanwhile, the showerhead position should ideally be centered on the wall. 

The shower stall should reserve at least 80 cm in width and 100 cm in depth. If the space is too small, it will be inconvenient to squat or stand while showering. 

The showerhead installation height should be 90–100 cm, and the maximum height of the overhead rain shower should be controlled at around 230 cm, as most households have a ceiling height of about 240 cm after installation. 

The hot and cold water pipes should be spaced 15 cm apart horizontally and installed 90–100 cm from the floor, with the left pipe for hot water and the right for cold water. 

When reserving hot and cold water pipes, account for the thickness of the wall tiles. The pipe ends should extend 15–20 mm beyond the rough wall surface. If the pipes are flush with the wall, the shower fixture may not install properly after tiling. However, if they protrude too much, the decorative cover may not conceal the pipe ends and adjustment screws, affecting aesthetics. 

Secure the inner elbow fittings to prevent misalignment, which could complicate shower fixture installation later. 

The left-hot, right-cold arrangement is basic knowledge—never reverse it. 

Vanity Area 

For a single sink, reserve 60–120 cm; for a double sink, reserve 120–170 cm, which covers the dimensions of most single and double sinks on the market. If the single sink is over 100 cm, positioning it to one side can provide a larger countertop. 

The sink height is typically 80–85 cm, and the upper edge of the mirror cabinet should be 185–200 cm from the floor. Additionally, reserve an outlet about 40 cm above the countertop, ideally inside the mirror cabinet. 

Hot and cold water pipes should be installed at a height of 40 cm, and the drain outlet can be designed as a wall-mounted drain at the same height for a sleeker look. 

For imported faucets, the hot and cold water pipes are usually shorter, so the pipes may need to be raised slightly. The drain pipe should also be replaced with European standards, such as those for Hansgrohe or Grohe fixtures. 

The hot and cold water pipes follow the left-hot, right-cold rule, spaced at least 10 cm apart. Minimize bends in the drain pipe to prevent clogging. 

Ensure an outlet is reserved inside the mirror cabinet (for electric toothbrushes, hair dryers, etc.), and install makeup lighting above or beside the mirror cabinet. If an under-sink water heater is desired, reserve an outlet below the sink as well. 

Toilet Area 

Reserve at least 45 cm in front of the toilet for legroom and ease of movement. 

The spacing on either side of the toilet should ideally be 75–90 cm. Too narrow makes it inconvenient to use, while too wide makes reaching for toilet paper difficult. 

Toilet flange spacing generally comes in three sizes: 305 mm, 350 mm, and 400 mm. Most international brands use 305 mm spacing. Avoid purchasing toilets labeled as "universal fit" for multiple flange spacings, as these are usually from lesser-known manufacturers. 

Whether or not you plan to install a smart toilet now, always reserve an outlet in advance, as adding one later can be troublesome. 

A tee fitting can be added to the drain pipe for installing a spray gun or other accessories. 

Hardware Height 

Common bathroom hardware installation heights: 

- Towel bar: 110–130 cm 

- Bathrobe hook: 160–180 cm 

- Toilet paper holder: 65–70 cm 

- Shower shelf: 140–150 cm 

- Electric towel rack: 120–130 cm

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